The investor-owned corporation is the conventional form for structuring large-scale enterprise in market economies. But it is not the only one. Even in the United States, noncapitalist firms play a vital role in many sectors. Employee-owned firms have long been prominent in the service professions-- law, accounting, investment banking, medicine--and are becoming increasingly important in other industries. The buyout of United Airlines by its employees is the most conspicuous recent instance. Farmer-owned produce cooperatives dominate the market for most basic agricultural commodities. Consumer-owned utilities provide electricity to one out of eight households. Key firms such as MasterCard, Associated Press, and Ace Hardware are service and supply cooperatives owned by local businesses... Less

The use of private property rights to regulate common pool natural resources is a controversial topic which must address two critical issues: the allocation of wealth in society and proper conservation and management of limited resources. Given the privatization of many natural resources within the confines of States, the most significant common pool natural resources are those located in international areas, such as the high seas and the atmosphere. This book explores the extension of private property rights and market mechanisms to the regulation of resources in these areas. Looking at developments in off-shore fisheries and mineral exploitation (with references to other areas, such as forestry and pollution quotas, where appropriate), the book considers the legal ramifications of... Less

Do you own your body? Advances in science and the development of genetic databases have added an aura of modern controversy to this long-standing and, as yet, unresolved problem. In particular, English law governing separated human tissue - including organs, DNA, and cell-lines - is unsatisfactory. Despite the enactment of the Human Tissue Act 2004 UK, it remains uncertain what property rights living persons can claim over tissue separated from their bodies. The development of clear legal principles is necessary to protect the rights of individuals while also enabling the efficient use of such materials in medical research. Part I of Law and the Human Body traces the evolution of English, US, Canadian, and Australian law in relation to human tissue separated from living persons and dead... Less

This book reviews recently developed theoretical and numerical approaches to deal with optical and mechanical signals from individual molecules. The character of data generated by single molecules, and more generally by single nano-objects, qualitatively differs from those obtained in conventional experiments on large ensembles of molecules. Fluctuations, randomness and irreproducibility are central to single-molecule measurements, and the specific methods required to extract reliable and statistically relevant information from them are presented here. With contributions mainly from participants of the Theory, Modeling and Evaluation of Single-Molecule Measurements workshop held in Leiden, the Netherlands, on April 16 20, 2007, this book is an authoritative compendium on the... Less

In 1992, many of the world's most distinquished scientists gathered to honor Professor and Nobel Laureate, Chen Ning Yang on the occasion of his seventieth birthday. This volume documents the scientific contributions that resulted from that conference. Additionally, it has several biographical and historical contributions that discuss the impact C.N. Yang has made on the research and lives of his students, colleagues, and friends.

The new economic sociology is based on the theory that patterns of economic behavior are shaped by social factors. "The Sociology of the Economy" brings together a dozen path-breaking empirical studies that explore how social forces—such as shifts in political power, the influence of social networks, or the spread of new economic ideas—shape real-world economic behavior. The contributors—all leading economic sociologists— show these social forces at work in a diverse range of international settings and historical circumstances. Examining why so many American banks followed industry leaders into foreign markets in the 1970s, only to pull back within a few years, Mark Mizruchi and Gerald Davis suggest that social emulation rather than rational calculation led banks to expand globally... Less

Plum Flower Golden Book Golden Book, also known as: Jin Gui Shen Qi, warms and tonifies kidney yang. What it is best for: Golden Book may be helpful for the following: Supports normal erectile function Supports normal sexual function Supports fertility Frequent urination Low back pain Cold limb Chinese Therapeutic Effects: Warms and Tonifies Kidney Yang Golden Book by Plum Flower contains: Rehmannia glutinosa root-prep, Dioscorea opposita rhizome, Cornus officinalis fruit, Paeonia suffruticosa root-bark, Poria cocos fungus, Alisma plantago aquatica rhizome, Cinnamomum cassia bark, Aconitum carmichaeli root-prep. - Shu di huang, Shan yao, Shan zhu yu, Mu dan pi, Fu ling, Ze xie, Rou gui, Fu zi. How you use it: Take 8 pills, three times a day. Also available in: Economy size: Golden Book... Less

ISBN13: 9780199280698. ISBN10: 019928069X. by Peter Ho. Published by Oxford University Press. Edition: 05

China has the highest levels of copyright piracy and trademark counterfeiting in the world, even though it also provides the highest per capita volume of enforcement. In this original study of intellectual property rights (IPR) in relation to state capacity, Dimitrov analyzes this puzzle by offering the first systematic analysis of all IPR enforcement avenues in China, across all IPR subtypes. He shows that the extremely high volume of enforcement provided for copyrights and trademarks is unfortunately of a low quality, and as such serves only to perpetuate IPR violations. In the area of patents, however, he finds a low volume of high-quality enforcement. In light of these findings, the book develops a theory of state capacity that conceptualizes the Chinese state as simultaneously weak... Less

The institution of property is as old as mankind, and property rights are today deemed vital to a prosperous economic system. Much has been written in the last decade on the economics of the legal institutions protecting such rights. This unprecedented book provides a magnificent introduction to the subject. Terry Anderson and Fred McChesney have gathered twelve leading thinkers to explore how property rights arise, and how they bolster economic development. As the subtitle indicates, the book examines as well how controversies over valuable property rights are resolved: by agreement, by violence, or by law.The essays begin by surveying the approaches to property taken by early political economists and move to colorful applications of property rights theory concerning the Wild West, the... Less

This work investigates the permissibility and viability of property rights on the celestial bodies, particularly the extraterrestrial aspects of land and mineral resources ownership. In lay terms, it aims to find an answer to the question “Who owns the Moon?” The first chapter critically analyses and dismantles with legal arguments the issue of sale of extraterrestrial real estate, after having perused some of the trivial claims of celestial bodies ownership. The only consequence these claims have on the plane of space law is to highlight the need for a better regulation of extraterrestrial landed property rights. Next, the work addresses the apparent silence of the law in the field of extraterrestrial landed property, scrutinizing whether the factual situation on the... Less

Who owns our DNA? The intuitive answer to this question is readily apparent: you own your own DNA. However, since Watson and Crick discovered its molecular structure, our DNA has gradually evolved from the Secret of Life to a potentially lucrative Commodity. This development has triggered conflicting perspectives as to who holds legal title to our blood, genes and related health data. Rather than focusing on a specific property claim in isolation, this book is the first to provide an integrated analysis of the merits of each of these perspectives. While the United Nations have proclaimed human DNA as the Heritage of Humanity, industry claims it to be patentable subject matter. Whereas populations whose DNA is used in national biobanks claim their DNA as their National Property, individual... Less

International Intellectual Property in an Integrated World Economy provides students with a comprehensive introduction to the global system regulating intellectual property rights. The authors use meticulously selected case decisions from different national, regional, and multilateral courts and dispute settlement bodies to illustrate the application of legal principles, as well as to introduce the impact the treatment of intellectual property rights may have on a range of social and economic interests. This outstanding text recognizes that students today need to understand intellectual property concepts in the context of a global economy. This unique teaching tool: explores the technical aspects of intellectual property rights practice and the context in which decisions are made and... Less

"Collections often are uneven and not coherent enough; fortunately, this is not the case at all here: in spite of the great number of contributions they complement each other well, with many cross references..." · Verfassung und Recht in Übersee "The volume represents an excellent model for what may be considered a constant duty of the researcher: always questioning the epistemological validity of concepts, theories, main instruments in research work, always trying to readjust them in order to avoid over-generalise erroneous assumptions. This implies a dynamic and flexible positioning toward empirical data and theory at the same time, something that the contributors to this volume accomplished with success, thus opening new paths in property analysis." · Social Anthropology As... Less

This book simplifies the grooming process by outlining the five basic skills that are essential to each grooming job. Helps groomers transfer skills from one breed to the next to create well-balanced, breed-specific cuts. Paperback, 128 pages. Limited Time Only - Get $5.99 flat rate shipping on your order of $150 or more. Exclusions apply.

"China, India and Beyond" challenges the widespread belief that China and India will be the driving forces of the global economy in the twenty-first century. Scholars of these two countries offer scenarios ranging from buoyant to subdued to negative, depending on how they evaluate the drivers of development (market-oriented reforms, global integration and investment in human capital), and its limitations (infrastructure bottlenecks, environmental degradation and institutional frailties). The book covers a broad set of topics, including international trade and investment, health care and grassroots democracy. Readers from all countries will benefit from this cogent analysis of the delicate balance among the various ingredients of successful development versus failure. This timely book will... Less

Incorporating both Daoist and Buddhist practices commonly used as the subject of Chinese novels movies and operas Emi (pronounced ermay) is one of the best known martial arts inside of China but until now has remained largely an oral tradition little known by Western martial artists. This comprehensive text offers an Introduction to the philosophy theory and practice of the Emei style known as Baguazhang - one of the most effective Chinese internal martial arts - and stresses the essential differences between Bagua and other internal styles such as Taijiquan and Xingyiquan. br brIn addition Bagua emphasizes circular movements employs both defensive and offensive strategies and trains at all three fighting rangers - short middle and long. Describing all the essential forms -... Less

The economy of the Roman Empire was predominantly agrarian: Roman landowners, agricultural laborers, and small tenant farmers were highly dependent upon one another for assuring stability. By examining the property rights established by the Roman government, in particular the laws concerning land tenure and the contractual relationships between wealthy landowners and the tenant farmers to whom they leased their land, Dennis P. Kehoe is able to demonstrate how the state fostered economic development and who benefited the most. In this bold application of economic theory, Kehoe explores the relationship between Roman private law and the development of the Roman economy during a crucial period of the Roman Empire, from the second to the fourth century C.E. Kehoe is able to use the laws... Less

What drives innovation? How does it contribute to the growth of firms, industries, and economies? And do intellectual property rights help or hurt innovation and growth? Uniquely combining microeconomics, macroeconomics, and theory with empirical analysis drawn from the United States and Europe, this book introduces graduate students and advanced undergraduates to the complex process of innovation. By addressing all the major dimensions of innovation in a single text, Christine Greenhalgh and Mark Rogers are able to show how outcomes at the microlevel feed through to the macro-outcomes that in turn determine personal incomes and job opportunities. In four sections, this textbook comprehensively addresses the nature of innovation and intellectual property, the microeconomics and... Less

The concept of a right is fundamental to moral, political, and legal thinking, but much of the use of that concept is selective and fragmentary: it is common merely to appeal to this or that intuitively plausible attribution of rights as needed for purposes of argument. In The Realm of Rights Judith Thomson provides a full-scale, systematic theory of human and social rights, bringing out what in general makes an attribution of a right true. Thomson says that the question what it is to have a right precedes the question which rights we have, and she therefore begins by asking why our having rights is a morally significant fact about us. She argues that a person's having a right is reducible to a complex moral constraint: central to that constraint is that, other things being equal, the... Less

China is in the midst of unprecedented economictransform ation. Fundamental legal reform accompaniesthese changes as the government promotes the rule oflaw. Foreign lawyers have played a critical role in thisprocess, working toward greater transparencyin China's legal system. This book examines howforeign lawyers working in China promote China's legaltransformati on in their daily practice, and how thecountry's opaque legal environment causes lawyers toalter the roles they play for clients. While workingin China, these foreign lawyers operate underrestrictions on their legalpractice. This book analyzes how theselawyers respond to such restrictions byfollowing, bending or violating the Chinese regulations. This innovativesociolo gicalstudy is based onextensive original interviews with... Less

An intellectual property (IP) system was established in China in 1985. Since then, the merits and drawbacks of the system have become apparent in theory and practice. Despite the fact that a great deal has been written about the Chinese IP system, systematic studies of the subject are still scarce, especially from a corporate management perspective. The book has three aims. It evaluates the problems UK and US multinational enterprises have encountered in their IP Flows into different enterprises in China. It also analyses the causes of these problems and suggests methods of avoiding future problems. The overall rationale for the book is to fill a void in our understanding of IP rights in China, particularly from a corporate perspective. It is important to draw upon a variety of discipline... Less

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) infringement is so rampant in China that counterfeit goods - from general household merchandise, garments and media consumables to specialist products including pharmaceutical products and super computer chips - can be found in roadside stalls, markets, shops, department stores and even laboratory of leading universities. If allowed to continue these infringements may further engender a socially accepted culture of ‘fakeness’ that may seriously hamper innovation and economic progress. Gordon C. K. Cheung uses the case of intellectual property rights (IPR) to examine how and to what extent market forces and knowledge development affect the relationships of China and the world, especially the United States. Including detailed original statistics and data... Less

Land ownership by individual citizens is a cornerstone of American heritage and a centerpiece of the American dream. Thomas Jefferson called it the key to our success as a democracy. Yet the question of who owns America not only remains unanswered but is central to a fundamental conflict that can pit private property rights advocates against government policymakers and environmentalists .     Land use authority Harvey M. Jacobs has gathered a provocative collection of perspectives from eighteen contributors in the fields of law, history, anthropology, economics, sociology, forestry, and environmental studies. Who Owns America? begins with the popular view of land ownership as seen though the television show Bonanza! It examines public regulation of private land; public land... Less

The author describes the property rights that exist in different organizational forms and explains how these establish incentives for managerial decision behavior. She compares the rights, incentives, and corresponding decision behavior in for-profit, nonprofit, and public organizations under conditions of unbounded rationality. She shows that managerial responses to regulation, tax, and industrial organization policies may differ from the usual predictions when property rights are considered. She also shows how property rights link economic and organization theory.

Beginning in earnest at the turn of the twenty-first century, China embarked on a robust multilevel engagement strategy with a number of African states on three simultaneous fronts economic, political, and military. The push was predicated by Beijing s need to secure energy and natural resources to fuel its booming economy and bolster its position as the world s manufacturing hub. The depth of China s engagement cannot be understated, and its increasing stakes in the security dimension of Africa s myriad conflicts is affecting the geopolitical landscape of a continent that has been in the past an exclusive domain of the West. China in Africa examines the multifaceted effects of China s engagement with the continent, both its many risks and opportunities. It provides critical and... Less

Armen Alchian has helped found several schools of economic thought and is the founder of the UCLA tradition in economics and one of the most influential voices in the areas of market structure, property rights, and the theory of the firm. His career has spanned seven decades, with a stint in the military during World War II. Alchian has left an indelible mark on economics and has taught and inspired generations of students. Liberty Fund is proud to present, in two volumes, The Collected Works of Armen A. Alchian, bringing together Alchian’s most influential essays, articles, editorials, and lectures to provide a comprehensive record of his thinking on a broad range of topics in economics. As various and as specific as some of this collection’s topics are, they are unified, as editor... Less

Armen Alchian has helped found several schools of economic thought and is the founder of the UCLA tradition in economics and one of the most influential voices in the areas of market structure, property rights, and the theory of the firm. His career has spanned seven decades, with a stint in the military during World War II. Alchian has left an indelible mark on economics and has taught and inspired generations of students. Liberty Fund is proud to present, in two volumes, The Collected Works of Armen A. Alchian, bringing together Alchian’s most influential essays, articles, editorials, and lectures to provide a comprehensive record of his thinking on a broad range of topics in economics. As various and as specific as some of this collection’s topics are, they are unified, as editor... Less