The first book to explicitly focus on the processing of crystallizing polymers, it presents innovative research on diverse interfering processes to help clarify the subject. The first to address the unexpectedly strong interaction of three transport phenomena: heat transfer, momentum transfer (rheology) with crystallization kinetics. With many applications, most well-known crystalline structures are found in polymers like high and low density polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene and their copolymers. Common problems such as anisotropic shrinkage, warping, and split fiber formation are covered. In addition to applications on amorphous polymers, attempts at numerical simulation on crystallizing polymers are also examined. A feeling for the origins of undesired orientations and frozen-in... Less

Thoroughly revised edition of the classic text on polymer processingThe Second Edition brings the classic text on polymer processing thoroughly up to date with the latest fundamental developments in polymer processing, while retaining the critically acclaimed approach of the First Edition. Readers are provided with the complete panorama of polymer processing, starting with fundamental concepts through the latest current industry practices and future directions. All the chapters have been revised and updated, and four new chapters have been added to introduce the latest developments. Readers familiar with the First Edition will discover a host of new material, including:* Blend and alloy microstructuring* Twin screw-based melting and chaotic mixing mechanisms* Reactive processing*... Less

Micro- and Nanostructured Multiphase Polymer Blend Systems: Phase Morphology and Interfaces focuses on the formation of phase morphology in polymer blends and copolymers and considers various types of blends including thermosets, thermoplastics, thermoplastic vulcanizates, and structured copolymers. The book carefully debates the processing, rheology, and crystallization aspects of the phase morphology of polymer blends. The text surveys theory, characterization, processing, and experimental aspects of phase morphology development and design of polymer blends. It examines the adhesion of polymer–polymer interfaces in immiscible polymer blends and the different ways by which nanostructures may be generated in thermosetting polymers. The book analyzes the polymerization process and the... Less

At the interface of chemical industry operations, equipment manufacturer input, and the scientific literature, Industrial Crystallization of Melts explores and explains melt crystallization and purification in the industrial arena. This comprehensive account details the orderly conversion of melts into solid, salable end materials and procedures for purification by remelting; summarizes key theoretical concepts relating to crystalline matter and instationary heat transfer; and surveys the equipment available for specific processes. It also offers over 100 tested equations, as well as clear-cut methods for handling organic melts that call for special crystallization provisions.

The term Biochemical Evolution is used to describe the evolution of the biochemical processes and components of living organisms, such as the structure and function of biologically important molecules, metabolic pathways, subcellular structures, and cells. Although a relatively new subject, this field of research has already received great interest from both academia and industry because the principles and theory behind biochemical evolution have enormous potential in the creation and development of new biologically active compounds, drugs, and treatments for disease. However, almost every book that discusses evolution has ignored the role that biochemical evolution plays, and so in his new book, Athel Cornish-Bowden attempts to fill the knowledge gap for students, professional scientists... Less

Fundamentals of Medical Imaging, second edition, is an invaluable technical introduction to each imaging modality, explaining the mathematical and physical principles and giving a clear understanding of how images are obtained and interpreted. Individual chapters cover each imaging modality - radiography, CT, MRI, nuclear medicine and ultrasound - reviewing the physics of the signal and its interaction with tissue, the image formation or reconstruction process, a discussion of image quality and equipment, clinical applications and biological effects and safety issues. Subsequent chapters review image analysis and visualization for diagnosis, treatment and surgery. New to this edition: • Appendix of questions and answers • New chapter on 3D image visualization • Advanced mathematical... Less

Noncovalent interactions play key roles in many natural processes leading to the self-assembly of molecules with the formation of supramolecular structures. One of the most important forces responsible for self-assembly is hydrogen bonding, which also plays an important role in the self-assembly of synthetic polymers in aqueous solutions. Proton-accepting polymers can associate with proton-donating polymers via hydrogen bonding in aqueous solutions and form polymer polymer or interpolymer complexes. There has been an increased interest among researchers in hydrogen-bonded interpolymer complexes since the first pioneering papers were published in the early 1960s. Several hundred research papers have been published on various aspects of complex formation reactions in solutions and... Less

This book presents state-of-the-art information concerning properties and processes involved in glass melts. Based upon contributions by renowned authors and scientists working with glass melt systems, Properties of Glass-Forming Melts is an excellent compilation of the current knowledge on property data, mechanisms, measurement techniques, and structure- related properties of glass-forming. The authors provide in-depth analyses of such topics as glass-melt density, thermal expansion, heat conductivity, and chemical activities.Each chapter combines fundamental concepts with a compilation of recent and reliable data that is essential in the modeling of glass melting, fining, conditioning, and forming. The book first discusses the glass-forming melts, thermodynamics, transport properties,... Less

The basic concept of this new edition remains unchanged: Emphasis is again put on a broader description of the general methods and processes for the synthesis, modification and characterization of macromolecules. These more fundamental chapters will be supplemented by 115 selected and detailed experiments. In addition to the preparative aspects the book also gives the reader an impression on the relation of chemical constitution and morphology of Polymers to their properties, as well as on their application areas. Thus, an additional textbook will not be needed in order to understand the experiments. The 4th edition nevertheless contains numerous changes: Chapter 1 and 2 are enlarged, 15 older examples have been replaced by new ones and background text is added. Suitable for students in... Less

The basic concept of this new edition remains unchanged: Emphasis is again put on a broader description of the general methods and processes for the synthesis, modification and characterization of macromolecules. These more fundamental chapters will be supplemented by 115 selected and detailed experiments. In addition to the preparative aspects the book also gives the reader an impression on the relation of chemical constitution and morphology of Polymers to their properties, as well as on their application areas. Thus, an additional textbook will not be needed in order to understand the experiments. The 4th edition nevertheless contains numerous changes: Chapter 1 and 2 are enlarged, 15 older examples have been replaced by new ones and background text is added. Suitable for students in... Less

Polymer Processing Instabilities: Control and Understanding offers a practical understanding of the various flows that occur during the processing of polymer melts. The book pays particular attention to flow instabilities that affect the rate of production and the methods used to prevent and eliminate flow instabilities in order to increase production rates and enhance manufacturing efficiency. Polymer Processing Instabilities: Control and Understanding summarizes experimental observations of flow instabilities that occur in numerous processing operations such as extrusion, injection molding, fiber spinning, film casting, and film blowing for a wide range of materials, including most commodity polymers that are processed as melts at temperatures above their melting point or as... Less

This ideal introductory text covers the basics of polymer chemistry and engineering, as well as structure- property relationships in plastics, in a concise manner. Technically authoritative and up-to-date, the volume offers a survey of the basic chemistry of monomers and their conversion to the various polymers, the essentials of structure and performance, rheology of polymers as liquids and solids, and mechanical properties. Problem sets enhance the book's suitability for advanced undergraduates in chemical engineering or materials science.

Understanding the way in which large-scale structures such as galaxies form remains the most challenging problem in cosmology today. This text provides an up-to-date and pedagogical introduction to this exciting area of research. Part 1 deals with the Friedmann model, the thermal history of the universe, and includes a description of observed structures in the universe. Part 2 describes the theory of gravitational instability in both the linear and nonlinear regimes. This part also includes chapters on the microwave background radiation, Large-scale velocity fields, quasars, and high redshift objects. Part 3 of the book covers inflation, cosmic strings, and dark matter. Each chapter is accompanied by a comprehensive set of exercises to help the reader in self-study.

Exploring the characterization, thermodynamics and structural, mechanical, thermal and transport behavior of polymers as melts, solutions and solids, this text covers essential concepts and breakthroughs in reactor design and polymer production and processing. It contains modern theories, end-of-chapter problems and real-world examples for a clear understanding of polymer function and development. Fundamentals of Polymer Engineering, Second Edition provides a thorough grounding in the fundamentals of polymer science for more advanced study in the field of polymers. Topics include reaction engineering of step-growth polymerization, emulsion polymerization, and polymer diffusion.

Filled with industrial examples emphasizing the practical applications of crystallization methodologiesBase d on the authors' hands-on experiences as process engineers at Merck, Crystallization of Organic Compounds guides readers through the practical aspects of crystallization. It uses plenty of case studies and examples of crystallization processes, ranging from development through manufacturing scale-up. The book not only emphasizes strategies that have been proven successful, it also helps readers avoid common pitfalls that can render standard procedures unsuccessful.The goal of this text is twofold: Build a deeper understanding of the fundamental properties of crystallization as well as the impact of these properties on crystallization process development. Improve readers'... Less

This book provides a practical guide to the basic essentials of earthquake engineering with a focus on seismic loading and structural design. Benefiting from the author’s extensive career in structural and earthquake engineering, dynamic analysis and lecturing, it is written from an industry perspective at a level suitable for graduate students. Fundamentals of Seismic Loading on Structures is organised into four major sections: introduction to earthquakes and related engineering problems, analysis, seismic loading, and design concepts.From a practical perspective, reviews linear and non-linear behaviour, introduces concepts of uniform hazard spectra, discusses loading provisions in design codes and examines soil-structure interaction issues, allowing the reader to quickly identify and... Less

Book: Physical Agent ModalitiesPresent s an OT perspective and approach to physical agents. Articulates the relationship between physical agents and and therapeutic outcomes in patients. Includes chapters on Regulatory Guidelines, Wound Healing, Pain Theory and Perception, Cryotherapy, Superficial Heat Agents, Therapeutic Ultrasound and Phonophoresis, Iontophoresis, TENS, Principles of Electrotherapy and Neuromuscular E-Stim. Each chapter covers learning objectives, new terminology, basic principles, biophysiological effects of the agent, clinical indications and applications and clinical decision making. Case studies, diagrams tables, charts, illustrations and photographs are used to highlight concepts and explain theories. Soft cover, 176 pages. Written by Alfred G. Bracciano, EdD, OTR... Less

This first book dedicated to all aspects of the field presents our current knowledge in its entirety, covering the necessary disciplines and processes involved - from the monomer to the final product. With an international editor and author team from academia and such leading chemical companies as Bayer, BASF and DuPont, the text adopts a multidisciplinary approach and a practical point of view. Starting with polymer chemistry and thermodynamics, the book goes on to deal with measurement, control, and characterization, before tackling process development, safety issues, scale-up, and modeling. It concludes with emerging processes.With its unparalleled depth of coverage, this will be the definitive reference on this topic for years to come.The impulse for this book comes from the Working... Less

Joan Bybee and her colleagues present a new theory of the evolution of grammar that links structure and meaning in a way that directly challenges most contemporary versions of generative grammar. This study focuses on the use and meaning of grammatical markers of tense, aspect, and modality and identifies a universal set of grammatical categories. The authors demonstrate that the semantic content of these categories evolves gradually and that this process of evolution is strikingly similar across unrelated languages. Through a survey of seventy-six languages in twenty-five different phyla, the authors show that the same paths of change occur universally and that movement along these paths is in one direction only. This analysis reveals that lexical substance evolves into grammatical... Less

Breast MRI has emerged as a valuable adjunct to the conventional imaging modalities in the detection of primary and recurrent breast cancer. Yet, most radiologists who rely on MRI do not have knowledge of the fundamentals so essential to achieving and maintaining high image quality. With a focus on the basic imaging principles of breast MRI rather than on mathematical equations, this book takes a practical approach to imaging protocols that helps radiologists increase their diagnostic effectiveness. The text walks the reader through the basics of MRI, making it especially accessible to beginners. From a detailed outline of equipment prerequisites for obtaining high quality breast MRI to instructions on how to optimize image quality, expanded discussions on how to obtain optimized ... Less

This book surveys the state of the science and technology of the injection molding process. It represents a comprehensive, balanced mix of practical and theoretical aspects for a wide range of injection molding applications. The authors of the 21 chapters are experts and leaders in their respective areas of specialization in the injection molding field. While it is not possible to cover all aspects of such a dynamic growing field, the reader will find sufficient information and background to become acquainted, at various levels of depth, with key components of the science and technology of injection molding. eBook Bonus: Now get full-text search capability in this treasure trove of information for the plastics professional. Included free with the purchase of this book is an online... Less

This book describes the physical and chemical effects of radiation interaction with matter. Beginning with the physical basis for the absorption of charged particle radiations, Fundamentals of Radiation Chemistry provides a systematic account of the formation of products, including the nature and properties of intermediate species. Developed from first principles, the coverage of fundamentals and applications will appeal to an interdisciplinary audience of radiation physicists and radiation biologists. Only an undergraduate background in chemistry and physics is assumed as a prerequisite for the understanding of applications in research and industry. Key Features* Provides a working knowledge of radiation effects for students and non-experts*... Less

Now in its second edition, this widely used text provides a unique presentation of today's polymer science. It is both comprehensive and readable. The authors are leading educators in this field with extensive background in industrial and academic polymer research.The text starts with a description of the types of microstructures found in polymer materials. This forms the basis of understanding some of the key features of the various mechanisms of homopolymerizatio n and copolymerization that are discussed in following chapters. Also discussed in these chapters are the kinetics and statistics of polymerization with a separate chapter on the characterization of chain structure by spectroscopic methods.The next part of the text deals with chain conformation, structure and morphology,... Less

Introducing the fundamental issues in psycholinguistics , this book explores the amazing story of the unconscious processes that take place when humans use language. Spanning key topics including the biological foundations of language; acquisition of first and second languages in children and adults; the mental lexicon; and speech production, perception, and processing, it is a very welcome addition for those seeking a linguistically- oriented yet balanced textbook. Reflecting the experience and knowledge gained by the authors in their combined forty years of teaching psycholinguistics , the book is structured as an engaging narrative; from an idea in the mind of a speaker, to its comprehension in the mind of the hearer. It includes the very latest empirical developments in... Less

While numerous books have been written on earthquakes, earthquake resistance design, and seismic analysis and design of structures, none have been tailored for advanced students and practitioners, and those who would like to have most of the important aspects of seismic analysis in one place. With this book, readers will gain proficiencies in the following: fundamentals of seismology that all structural engineers must know; various forms of seismic inputs; different types of seismic analysis like, time and frequency domain analyses, spectral analysis of structures for random ground motion, response spectrum method of analysis; equivalent lateral load analysis as given in earthquake codes; inelastic response analysis and the concept of ductility; ground response analysis and seismic soil... Less

This first comprehensive overview of the modern aspects of biomineralization represents life and materials science at its best: Bioinspired pathways are the hot topics in many disciplines and this holds especially true for biomineralization .Here, the editor has assembled an international team of renowned authors to provide first-hand research results. This first of three volumes deals with the biology of biominerals structure formation, with sections on silica-hydrated polysilicondioxid e, iron sulfides and oxides, calcium carbonates and sulfates, as well as calcium phosphates.An interdisciplinary must-have account, for biochemists, bioinorganic chemists, lecturers in chemistry and biochemistry, materials scientists, biologists, and solid state physicists.

State-of-the-art techniques for tapping the vast potential of polymersThe use of specific non-covalent interactions to control polymer structure and properties is a rapidly emerging field with applications in diverse disciplines. Molecular Recognition and Polymers covers the fundamental aspects and applications of molecular recognition—in the creation of novel polymeric materials for use in drug delivery, sensors, tissue engineering, molecular imprinting, and other areas. This reference begins by explaining the fundamentals of supramolecular polymers; it progresses to cover polymer formation and self-assembly with a wide variety of examples, and then includes discussions of biomolecular recognition using polymers. With chapters contributed by the foremost experts in their fields, this... Less